Distribution & Movement of Matter & Energy in the Universe
The Cosmic Model
The model describes and calculates, the physical shape, size, substance, and density of the universe, by counting the distribution of the two quantum states of the invariant number N. An integer value for N is required, and must be provided. The physical value of one integer is one neu number.
The quantum states can only add, and it is the method by which they add together into collections, that gives the cosmos the physical structure and scale that we observe.
The Identity of N
How large is N? What is the cosmic population? The model requires we provide a number.
We can only estimate N through our astronomical observations, which describe the cosmos as a large scale “cosmic web” structure of galaxies. As far as we can see, in any direction, there are only galaxies and space, with no “end” or “bottom” in sight. The galaxies come in all shapes and sizes, and there are perhaps 500 billion of them within our observation limits. There are dwarf galaxies with only a few thousand stars to super giants with trillions of stars.
By estimating an average of 50 billion stars per galaxy, and using the solar neu number of 1.1875 x 1057, the average galaxy has a neu number of approximately 6.0 x 1067. This provides 3.0 x 1079 as a minimum value for N Prime. This number is used as the value of N for the model. If the cosmic number is changed, the calculated values will correspondingly adjust.
The universe contains matter in the form of gas and dust between galaxies. The matter in the inter galactic medium (IGM), may be equal to, or more, than the matter contained by the stars, gas and dust of the galaxy itself, which would increase the minimum value of N. However, in our model, we will use 3.0 x 1079 as a starting value and see where it leads.
Space is also filled with an isotropic shower of cosmic rays, speedy bullets of fully ionized nuclei – mainly protons and alphas – but also containing a spectrum of the heavier nuclides. These add to the value of N.
The Average Distribution of Matter
The average distribution of matter, is the total volume of the universe, divided by the cosmic number N Prime, made from approximately 500 billion galaxies.
If the universe is considered homogeneous on a large enough scale, than equal volumes of space at that scale, will contain an equal fraction of N. If we can count and estimate the amount of matter within that volume, than we can estimate the amount of space attributable to one neu number.
NASA has published on their website, that based on astronomical observations, the average distribution of matter in the universe is one atom per four cubic meters of space. Neu Theory uses this volume, as a starting value in its calculations, meaning one (1) neu number is initially attributed 4.0 cubic meters of space (zome). However, it is speculated, that this value may be too low, meaning there may actually be a much larger volume of space per atom.
The relative abundance of the atoms in the universe as observed (Table 3), indicates that the electric/neutral ratio is approximately 0.87N. In the Neu Theory model, this means that only the electric 87% of N (b-state) contributes to space, the neutral 13% of N (a-state) displaces space, but does not contribute to it.
Each quantum of space (one zomon) must provide 4.6 cubic meters to make the universal average equal to 4.0 cubic meters. The average volume of a zomon in the model is initially set at 4.6 cubic meters of space.
The average energy of a zomon, is set equal to the average “missing mass” energy of beta decay approximately 2/3 of 0.000833 neu of free rise movement/energy, approximately equal to 0.524 meV (9.34 x 10-31 kg equivalent mass). The zomon in Neu Theory carries the energy attributed by current science to the neutrino.
The Relative Abundance of Atoms
The Neu Theory Model uses the observed distribution of atoms in nature, to calculate the neutral/electric ratio of N. If the atomic distribution ratios change, the model values will need to be correspondingly adjusted and the results will be different. See Table 3.
Table 3 – Relative Abundance of Atoms
| % mass | % atoms | Isotope Abundance [milky way galaxy stellar distribution as observed and assumed typical] (isotope %) | p proton (b) | D deuteron (ab) | n neutron (a) | # atoms per million atoms | neutral # | electric # | # atoms per million neus | total (b) # per million neus | total (ab) # per million neus | total (a) # per million neus |
| 73.48 | 92.1 | Hydrogen-1 (b) (99.9885 %) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 920,894 | 0 | 920,894 | 735,431 | 735,431 | 0 | 0 |
| Hydrogen-2 (ab) (0.0115 %) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 106 | 106 | 106 | 85 | 0 | 85 | 0 | ||
| Helium-3 (abb) (0.000137 %) | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0.107) | (1) | (2) | (0.107) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 24.89 | 7.8 | Helium-4 (2ab) (99.999863 %) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 78,000 | 156,000 | 156,000 | 62,291 | 0 | 124,582 | 0 |
| 0.78 | 0.061 | Oxygen-16 (8ab) (99.76 %) | 0 | 8 | 0 | 610 | 4,080 | 4,080 | 487 | 0 | 3,896 | 0 |
| 0.29 | 0.030 | Carbon-12 (6ab) (98.93 %) | 0 | 6 | 0 | 300 | 1,800 | 1,800 | 240 | 0 | 1,440 | 0 |
| 0.18 | 0.004 | Iron-56 (26ab+4a) (91.75 %) | 0 | 26 | 4 | 40 | 1,200 | 1,040 | 32 | 0 | 832 | 128 |
| 0.13 | 0.008 | Neon-20 (10ab) (90.48 %) | 0 | 10 | 0 | 80 | 800 | 800 | 64 | 0 | 640 | 0 |
| 0.09 | 0.008 | Nitrogen-14 (7ab) (99.63 %) | 0 | 7 | 0 | 80 | 560 | 560 | 64 | 0 | 448 | 0 |
| 0.07 | 0.003 | Silicone-28 (14ab) (92.23 %) | 0 | 14 | 0 | 30 | 420 | 420 | 24 | 0 | 336 | 0 |
| 0.04 | 0.002 | Magnesium-24 (12ab) (78.99 %) | 0 | 12 | 0 | 20 | 240 | 240 | 16 | 0 | 192 | 0 |
| 0.03 | 0.001 | Argon-40 (18ab+4a) (99.60 %) | 0 | 18 | 4 | 10 | 220 | 180 | 8 | 0 | 144 | 32 |
| 0.03 | 0.001 | Sulfur-32 (16ab) (94.93 %) | 0 | 16 | 0 | 10 | 160 | 160 | 8 | 0 | 128 | 0 |
| 0.01 | 0.0002 | Nickel-58 (28ab+2a) (68.08 %) | 0 | 28 | 2 | 2 | 60 | 56 | 2 | 0 | 56 | 4 |
| < 0.01 | < 0.0001 | all other isotopes [est. mass # ∼ 200] | 0 | 80 | 40 | 1 | 120 | 80 | 1 | 0 | 80 | 40 |
| 100.03 | TOTALS | 1,000,183 | 165,766 | 1,086,416 | 798,753 | 735,431 | 132,859 | 204 | ||||
| 1,252,182neus per 1,000,183 atoms | 13.24 % neutral # 0.1324 N | 86.76 % electric # 0.8676 N | 798,753 atoms per million neus | |||||||||
| * includes < 1 atom of He-3 (abb) | 868,494* topological states | 84.68 % b | 15.30 % ab | 0.02% a |
The cosmic abundance of the elements is based on the observed relative abundance of atoms in the Milky Way Galaxy. The values used in this work, are based on values published in “A Dictionary of Astronomy”, Oxford University Press, 1997. Other sources, e.g., Wikipedia, may have somewhat different values, but they are very close to these. These observed values are used as the cosmic average for other galaxies. However other galaxies may have different ratios, based on where they are in their recycling period. A galaxy’s recycling period is measured as the average time between AGN emissions.
The longer the time between AGN emissions, the more time stellar processes in a galaxy have to make heavier atoms with more neutrons in the nuclide, thus changing the neutral/electric ratio. This only impacts a small amount (less than 1 %) of the atoms in a galaxy. The hydrogen-helium quantities are assumed to typically remain more than 99 % of all atoms in a galaxy.
Universal Distribution of Topological States per 1,000,000 (1,001,353) neu number
| State | Name | Unit Value | # of Objects | Neu Value | Neutral # | Electric # | % Total |
| a | Free Neutrons (n) | 1 | (unstable) | ||||
| Nuclide Neutrons (n) | 1 | 204 | 204 | 204 | 0 | 0.02 | |
| b | Free Protons (p) | 1 | 735,431 | 735,431 | 0 | 735,431 | 84.68 |
| ab | Free Deuterons (D) | 2 | 85 | 170 | 85 | 85 | |
| 2ab | He4 Deuterons (D) | 2 | 124,582 | 249,164 | 124,582 | 124,582 | 15.30* |
| All other Deuterons (D) | 2 | 8,192 | 16,384 | 8,192 | 8,192 | ||
| abb | Free Helions (He3) | 3 | (0.1) | (0.3) | (0.1) | (0.2) | |
| Totals | 868,494 | 1,001,353 | 133,063 | 868,290 |
Universal De-Linkage of Matter
| Matter Form | Physical State (fraction of N) | Matter to Energy (fraction of N) | Delinked Matter (fraction of N) |
| neutral a-state (total) | 0.1329 N | (1.0 neu mass, no mass reduction allowed) | 0.0 |
| – deuteron neutrons | 0.1327 N | (1.0 neu mass, no mass reduction allowed) | 0.0 |
| – neutron neucleons | 0.0002 N | (1.0 neu mass, no mass reduction allowed) | 0.0 |
| – helion neutrons | 0.0000001 N | (1.0 neu mass, no mass reduction allowed) | 0.0 |
| – free neutrons | (unstable) | (1.0 neu mass, no mass reduction allowed) | 0.0 |
| electric b-state (total) | 0.8671 N | (0.000833 neu mass x 0.8671, plasm energy) | 0.000 722 |
| total electrons (b-) | 0.8671 N | (0.000544 neu mass, no mass reduction allowed) | 0.0 |
| total protons (b+) | 0.8671 N | (0.998623 neu mass, future source of all matter to energy de-linkage) | |
| – free hydrogen | 0.7344 N | (0.0 % reduction in proton neu mass) | 0.0 |
| – deuteron protons | 0.000085 N | (0.002368 neu mass reduction per proton) | 0.000 000 2 |
| – helion protons | 0.0000002 N | (0.004107 neu mass reduction per proton) | 0.000 000 001 |
| – alpha protons | 0.1244 N | (0.015059 neu mass reduction per proton) | 0.001 873 |
| – other nuclide protons | 0.0082 N (estimate) | (est: 0.017000 neu mass reduction per proton) | 0.000 139 |
| Totals | Universal neu matter de-linked into energy | 0.002 734 N |
0.27 % of matter has de-linked into energy, 99.73 % of the universe remains as matter
The Universal Distribution of Fundamental Forms
| Form | Description | Neu Value | Fraction of N |
| [1] | Cores | ||
| – free neutrons (a) | 1.000000 | (unstable) | |
| – nuclide neutrons (a) | 1.000000 | 0.0002 | |
| – free protons (b) | 0.998623 | 0.7344 | |
| – free deuterons (ab) | 1.966799 | 0.00017 | |
| – nuclide deuterons (ab) | (varies) | 0.2652 | |
| – free helions (abb) | 2.990121 | 0.0000003 | |
| [2] | Membranes | ||
| – free electrons | 0.000544 | 0.8671 | |
| – neucleonic | 0.000544 | 0.1329 | |
| [3] | Plasms | ||
| – de-linked plasms* | 0.000833 | 0.8671 | |
| – neucleon plasms | 0.000833 | 0.1329 | |
| [6] | Charge Shells | ||
| – negative electron [6-] | (-0.000833/2 spin) | 0.8671 | |
| – positive proton (6+) | (+0.000833/2 spin) | 0.7344 | |
| – positive neucleonic (6+) | (+0.000833/2 spin) | 0.1327 | |
| [8] | Zomons | ||
| – zomons | (∼0.000556 rise) | 0.8671 |
*de-linked plasm energy, includes electricity [6][7][10], space [8], motion [9], & light [11]
Universal Distribution of De-Linked Energy
(n = 938.271 597 meV spin + 938.271 597 meV rise)
| Energy Form | Fraction of N | Value @ N = 3.0×1079 n | Density |
| Spin Energy (total) | 0.002734 | 7.69×1079 meV | |
| – charge shells | 0.000722 | 2.03×1079 meV | 3.91×1053 eV/m3 |
| – light (atomic)* | (included)* | (included)* | (as observed) |
| – light from core mass | 0.002012 | 5.66×1079 meV | |
| Rise Energy (total) | 0.002734 | 7.69×1079 meV | |
| – space (avg 2/3) | 0.000484 | 1.36×1079 meV | 113,043 eV/m3 |
| – motion (avg 1/3) | 0.000238 | 0.67×1079 meV | |
| – motion from core mass | 0.002012 | 5.66×1079 meV |
* atomic light energy comes from the reduction in potential energy of the electric fields [7]
The n Value of Common Objects
| Object | n Value |
| Neutron | 1 |
| Hydrogen-1 | 1 |
| Atoms (hydrogen-uranium) | 1 – 238 |
| Molecules | 2 – 5000 |
| 1 kilogram platinum/iridium artifact (∼0.597 xenna neu) | ∼5.970 401 076 x 1026 |
| Human (70 kg) | 4.18 x 1028 |
| Smallest naturally rounded solar body (Rhea 2.3×1021 kg) | 1.37 x 1048 |
| Moon (7.35×1022 kg) | 4.39 x 1049 |
| Earth (the local 1 g-rise/spinfall hollow theater) | 3.57 x 1051 |
| Jupiter (317 earth number) | 1.13 x 1054 |
| Smallest deuteron burning star (brown dwarf, ~4,000 earth number) | 1.47 x 1055 |
| Smallest helium burning star (red dwarf, ~25,000 earth number) | 9.0 x 1055 |
| Sun (the local helium burning stellar furnace, ~330,000 earth number) | 1.19 x 1057 |
| Smallest electric supercell core (stellar black hole, ~3 solar number) | 3.56 x 1057 |
| Milky Way electric supercell core (central black hole, ~4.1 million solar number) | 1.3 x 1064 |
| Milky Way Galaxy (the local 820 billion star matter/energy cycle factory) | 2.4 x 1068 |
| Cosmic Whole (the universal open hollow with 500 billion embedded galaxies) | 3.0 x 1079 |
The Large Scale Motion of Matter
There are five large scale motions of matter in the universal open hollow.
1. The g-rise acceleration of space free rise energy acts in the opposite direction to the g-rise acceleration of matter providing a cosmic pressure that pushes and keeps matter together within galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
It is hypothesized that the large “voids” or hollows of space observed by astronomers, some many millions of light years in diameter, are a natural result of these opposing g-forces of nature.
The galaxy cores of the cosmic web periodically produce fresh bursts of space away from matter, and this expanding and diffusing-in-place space, over time, pressures and maintains the large hollow volumes of space. The space hollows in turn pressure the perimeter of the large clusters of galaxies into a cosmic web of sheets and filaments of galaxies with gas and dust with a random polyhedral architecture, and long term stable cosmic volumes are maintained.
2. The isotropic shower of “cosmic rays” that fill the universal open-hollow. The “rays” are bullets of fully ionized nuclides traveling through space at speeds approaching light.
It is hypothesized by Neu Theory that the motion of the charged nucli is accelerated by the g-rise acceleration of space on charged matter.
The homogeneous shower of positively charged ions, has the long term effect towards cosmic homogeneity and neutrality, in the distribution of matter and electricity.
3. The random motion between galaxies bound in galaxy clusters.
Galaxies can be visualized, as a bound gas of n spinfall hollow volumes, within a large volume of space. Similar to the random movement of molecules in a gas, but on a far larger physical scale, the galaxy spinfall hollow volumes have an average speed of motion based on the total g-rise of the mass in the cluster.
The cosmic g-rise floor acceleration of universal matter as a whole adds a constant acceleration to the random linear motion of each galaxy. This is hypothesized as the cause of the “larger than expected” velocities that are observed, not an unknown form of “dark matter”. The kinetic energy of all the galaxies is contained within the cluster volume, meaning, galaxies do not leave the cluster. It is a form of “in-place” motion that is maintained with time. The random motion does allow the galaxies within a cluster to physically interact with each other. As an example, the merging of two electric supercells (black holes) to create one larger supercell.
4. The orbital motion of matter bound in spinfields and hyper-spinfields with a cosmic g-spin floor acceleration. The hyper-spinfields merge into a cosmic hyper-spinfield, a movement/synergy floor maintained throughout the universe.
5. The atomic matter/energy cycle process within a galaxy. The AGN cycle.
The Large Scale Movement of Energy
There are four large scale movements of energy in the universal open hollow.
1. The universal one-way isotropic expansion and diffusion-in-place at the accelerating speed of light by the absolute free rise movement/energy of cosmic space.
2. Local AGN “little bangs”, producing “boson” space quanta at a rate sufficient to replenish the diffusion-in-place by universal space, thus maintaining a stable cosmic volume.
3. The cosmic radiant spectrum. The isotropic flux of “boson” photons, free spin energy bubbles from atomic and nuclear sources, that are carried by the isotropic movement of space. Neu Theory does not use the term electromagnetic with light energy. The radiant spectrum has a cosmic energy floor temperature maintained at 2.73° K.
4. The kinetic rise energy and positive electric charge carried by the isotropic shower of cosmic rays.